Stray dog attacks: Supreme Court warns states, feeders of heavy liability for every bite and death

The Supreme Court of India on Tuesday issued a strong warning to state governments and individuals feeding stray dogs, indicating that heavy compensation could be imposed for every dog bite and every death linked to stray dog attacks.

Hearing a batch of petitions related to the stray dog menace, the top court questioned why animals that pose a threat to public safety should be allowed to roam freely on streets.

“For every dog bite and every death, we will be likely fixing heavy compensation on the states for not making proper arrangements. Liability may also be fixed on dog feeders. You take them to your house and keep them — why should they be allowed to roam around biting and chasing people? The impact of a dog bite is lifelong,” the court observed.

Feeders may also face liability

The bench further raised concerns about accountability when attacks are linked to dogs fed by individuals or organisations.

“Who should be responsible when a nine-year-old child is killed by dogs fed by a particular organisation? Should the organisation not be made liable for damages?” the court asked during the hearing.

‘Can’t identify a dog’s mood’

The observations came after arguments that treating animals with empathy prevents attacks. Senior advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing for petitioners, argued that dogs do not attack if treated kindly and only react when their space is invaded. Responding sharply, Justice Vikram Nath said public safety could not depend on assumptions about animal behaviour.

“How can you identify which dog is in what mood? You don’t know that in the morning,” the judge said, adding that the issue extends beyond bites to the constant fear and threat posed to citizens.

Background of the case

The matter is being heard by a three-judge bench comprising Justices Vikram Nath, Sandeep Mehta and NV Anjaria.

Earlier, in November last year, the Supreme Court had directed the removal of stray dogs from institutional premises such as schools, hospitals, bus stands, railway stations and sports complexes, ordering their relocation to designated shelters after sterilisation and vaccination.

The court is also examining broader safety concerns linked to stray animals on roads and highways, signalling that stricter accountability measures may be introduced if authorities fail to act.